Analysis of the application of legal instruments and mechanisms for the protection of human rights in a context of contemporary challenges.

Abstract

This research examines legal instruments and mechanisms for the protection of human rights in the context of contemporary challenges, with a particular focus on the Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols. The Geneva Conventions, signed in 1949, constitute a fundamental pillar of international humanitarian law (IHL), aiming to protect those not taking part in hostilities, such as civilians, the wounded, and prisoners of war. The study explores the principles and mechanisms established by these conventions to regulate the behavior of belligerents and ensure respect for human rights in wartime.

Although the Geneva Conventions provide a solid legal framework for the protection of human rights in wartime, their practical application can be hampered by various factors, such as a lack of political will, the absence of effective monitoring mechanisms, and the challenges posed by asymmetric conflicts. Furthermore, the Additional Protocols, which extend the scope of protections to victims of non-international armed conflicts, are not always ratified or respected by all states. The study highlights that protecting people in armed conflict requires not only the existence of robust legal rules, but also sustained efforts to promote their respect and enforcement. Recommendations include strengthening monitoring mechanisms, training military actors in IHL standards, and raising awareness of humanitarian issues in contemporary conflicts.