Protecting Computer Systems Against Cyber Threats: Strategies, Technologies, and Best Practices

Abstract

Cybersecurity has become a major concern for businesses and institutions in the face of increasing cyberattacks. This study analyzes the strategies, technologies, and best practices used to protect computer systems against digital threats. The literature review highlights the importance of a holistic approach, integrating frameworks such as ISO 27001 and NIST, as well as risk management policies. Technological advances, particularly artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain, strengthen data detection and protection, although their adoption remains limited. Survey results show that 55 percent of companies have a formal strategy, but the human factor remains the weak link, with 90 percent of successful attacks due to human errors. The Zero Trust model is emerging as an effective solution, requiring strict access verification. However, several challenges persist, including the lack of resources, the complexity of regulations, and the constantly evolving nature of threats. Recommendations include increased staff training, better cybersecurity governance, and greater integration of advanced technologies. A proactive approach combining awareness, technological innovation, and a clear regulatory framework is essential to ensure the resilience of IT infrastructures in the face of growing cyber threats.